INTRODUCTION
[1] Asthma UK (accessed December2016) Facts for journalists
[2] Guideline Network (2008) British guideline on the management of asthma. Thorax; 63 (suppl): iv1-iv121
[3] Mackinnon, D.F et al (2009) Carbon dioxide induces erratic respiratory responses in bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders 112 (1), 193-200
[4] Roberson-Nay, R. et al. (2010) CO2 Hypersensitivity in Separation Anxious Offspring of Parents with Panic Disorder. Biologicial Psychiatry 67 (12), 1171-1177
[5] DeGuire, S. Gevirtz, R. Kawahara, Y. Maguire, W Hyperventilation syndrome and the assessment of treatment for functional cardiac symptoms. Original Research Article The American Journal of Cardiology, Volume 70, Issue 6, 1 September 1992, Pages 673-677
[6] Dimopoulou I et al (2001) Pattern of breathing during progressive exercise in chronic heart failure. International Journal of Cardiology 81,( 2–3), 117–121
[7] Patel C. 12-month follow-up of yoga and bio-feedback in the management of hypertension . Lancet. 1975 Jan 11;1(7898):62-4
[8] Richter MJ, Tiede H, Morty RE, Voswinckel R, Seeger W, Schulz R, Ghofrani HA, Reichenberger F. The Prognostic Significance of Inspiratory Capacity in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Respiration. (2014) 88(1):24-30
[9] Elliot WJ, Izzo JL Jr, White WB, Rosing DR, Snyder CS, Alter A, Gavish B, Black HR Graded blood pressure reduction in hypertensive outpatients associated with use of a device to assist with slow breathing. Journal of Clinical Hypertension (Greenwich). 2004 Oct;6(10):553-9; quiz 560-1.
[10] Tantucci C et al (1997) Jul;112(1):145-53.Influence of autonomic neuropathy of different severities on the hypercapnic drive to breathing in diabetic patients. Chest 112(1):145-53.
[11] Heinis M, Simon MT, Ilc K, Mazure NM, Pouysségur J, Scharfmann R, Duvillié B. (2010) Oxygen tension regulates pancreatic beta-cell differentiation through hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha. Diabetes 59(3):662-9 .
[12] Kahaly GJ, Nieswandt J, Wagner S, Schlegel J, Mohr-Kahaly S, Hommel G. Ineffective cardiorespiratory function in hyperthyroidism. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 1998 Nov;83(11):4075-8.
[13] Nieswandt J, Wagner S, Schlegel J, Mohr-Kahaly S, Kahaly G Medizinische Klinik (Munich). [Cardiopulmonary parameters in hyperthyroidism]. [Article in German] 1999 Jan 15;94(1):9-14.
[14] Mainenti MR, Teixeira PF, Oliveira FP, Vaisman M (2007) Impact of subclinical hypothyroidism in cardiopulmonary response during effort and its recovery Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia Metabologia. 51(9):1485-92
[15] Ford MJ, Camilleri MJ, Hanson RB, Wiste JA, Joyner MJ. (1995) Hyperventilation, central autonomic control, and colonic tone in humans. Gut. 37(4):499-504.
[16] Hoff, J. I. et Al (2004) A Breath Taking Headache Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 75:509
[17] Coppola G, Currà A, Sava SL, Alibardi A, Parisi V, Pierelli F, Schoenen J. 2010 Changes in visual-evoked potential habituation induced by hyperventilation in migraine. The Journal of Headache and Pain. 11(6):497-503
[18] Esquivel E., Chaussain M., Plouin P., Ponsot G., Arthuis, M.(1991) Physical exercise and voluntary hyperventilation in childhood absence epilepsy Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 79(2):127-132
CHAPTER 1
[19] Lin IM, Tai LY, Fan SY Breathing at a rate of 5.5 breaths per minute with equal inhalation-to-exhalation ratio increases heart rate variability. International Journal of Psychophysiology. 2014 Mar;91(3):206-11.
[20] Song HS, Lehrer PM. The effects of specific respiratory rates on heart rate and heart rate variability.Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback. 2003 Mar;28(1):13-23.
[21] https://www.breathingcenter.com/Buteyko#KPButeyko accessed online 14.08.17
[22] Hallani M, Wheatley JR, Amis TC. Initiating oral breathing in response to nasal loading: asthmatics versus healthy subjects. European Respiratory Journal. 2008 Apr;31(4):800-6. Epub 2007 Nov 21.
[23] Venetikidou A Incidence of malocclusion in asthmatic children. The Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry. 1993 Winter;17(2):89-94.
[24] Kairaitis K, Garlick SR, Wheatley JR, Amis TC Chest. Route of breathing in patients with asthma.1999 Dec;116(6):1646-52.
[25] Hallani M, Wheatley JR, Amis TC Enforced mouth breathing decreases lung function in mild asthmatics. Respirology. 2008 Jun;13(4):553-8
[26] O’Connor E, Patnode CD, Burda BU, et al. Breathing Exercises and/or Retraining Techniques in the Treatment of Asthma: Comparative Effectiveness [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2012 Sep. (Comparative Effectiveness Reviews, No. 71.) Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK109355/ Accessed 01/08/17
CHAPTER 2
CHAPTER 3
[28] Still, A. T. (1910) Osteopathy Research and Practice. Reprinted 1992 Eastland Press, Seattle
[29] Lewis MJ, Short AL, Lewis KE Autonomic nervous system control of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in asthma. Respiratory Medicine. 2006 Oct;100(10):1688-705
[30] Ohkura N, Fujimura M, Tokuda A, et al. Bronchodilator effect of deep inspiration and bronchoconstriction-triggered cough. Cough (London, England). 2009;5:9
[31] Borovikova LV et al. Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin. Nature. 2000;405:458-462
[32] Tracey KJ The inflammatory reflex. Nature. 2002 Dec 19-26;420(6917):853-9.
[33] Lutfi MF. Autonomic modulations in patients with bronchial asthma based on short-term heart rate variability. Lung India : Official Organ of Indian Chest Society. 2012;29(3):254-258
[34] Lewis MJ, Short AL, Lewis KE Autonomic nervous system control of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in asthma. Respiratory Medicine. 2006 Oct;100(10):1688-705
[35] Courtney R, Cohen M Investigating the claims of Konstantin Buteyko, M.D., Ph.D.: the relationship of breath holding time to end tidal CO2 and other proposed measures of dysfunctional breathing.Journal of Alternative Complementary Medicine. 2008 Mar;14(2):115-23.
[36] Pérez-Padilla R, Cervantes D, Chapela R, Selman M. Rating of breathlessness at rest during acute asthma: correlation with spirometry and usefulness of breath-holding time Rev Invest Clin. 1989 Jul-Sep;41(3):209-13.
[37] Sisto SA, Tapp W, Drastal S, Bergen M, DeMasi I, Cordero D, Natelson B. Vagal tone is reduced during paced breathing in patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome.Clinical Autonomic Research. 1995 Jun;5(3):139-43.
[38] Courtney R, Cohen M, van Dixhoorn J. Relationship between dysfunctional breathing patterns and ability to achieve target heart rate variability with features of “coherence” during biofeedback. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 2011 May-Jun;17(3):38-44.
CHAPTER 4
[39] Walter GW. The First School of Osteopathic Medicine. Kirksville, Mo: The Thomas Jefferson University Press at Northeast Missouri State University;1992:95
[40] Magoun HL Jr (2004) More About the Use of OMT During Influenza Epidemics Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 104(10), 406-407
[41] Squid Magnetometry. Harnessing the Powers of Tiny Magnetic Fields Fishbine, B. Los Alamos Research Quarterly Spring (2003) Researchers Kraus, B & Espy, M. Accessed Online 10.12.16
CHAPTER 5
[42] Riley WT, Treiber FA, Woods MG. Anger and hostility in depression Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1989 Nov;177(11):668-74.
[43] Koh KB, Kim DK, Kim SY, Park JK The relation between anger expression, depression, and somatic symptoms in depressive disorders and somatoform disorders The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2005 Apr;66(4):485-91
[44] Moons WG, Shields GS Anxiety, not anger, induces inflammatory activity: An avoidance/approach model of immune system activation. Emotion. 2015 Aug;15(4):463-76
[45] Kashdan TB, Goodman FR, Machell KA, et al. A Contextual Approach to Experiential Avoidance and Social Anxiety: Evidence from an Experimental Interaction and Daily Interactions of People with Social Anxiety Disorder. Emotion (Washington, DC). 2014;14(4):769-781.
[46] Abel AN, Lloyd LK, Williams JS The effects of regular yoga practice on pulmonary function in healthy individuals: a literature review. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2013 Mar;19(3):185-90.
[47] Mason H, Vandoni M, deBarbieri G, Codrons E, Ugargol V, Bernardi L. Cardiovascular and Respiratory Effect of Yogic Slow Breathing in the Yoga Beginner: What Is the Best Approach? Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM. 2013;2013:743504
[48] Mason H, Vandoni M, deBarbieri G, Codrons E, Ugargol V, Bernardi L. Cardiovascular and Respiratory Effect of Yogic Slow Breathing in the Yoga Beginner: What Is the Best Approach? Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM. 2013;2013:743504
[49] Richard P. Brown and Patricia L. Gerbarg. Sudarshan Kriya Yogic Breathing in the Treatment of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression: Part I—Neurophysiologic Model The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. March 2005, 11(1): 189-201
[50] Richard P. Brown and Patricia L. Gerbarg. Sudarshan Kriya Yogic Breathing in the Treatment of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression: Part I—Neurophysiologic Model The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. March 2005, 11(1): 189-201
[51] Richard P. Brown and Patricia L. Gerbarg. Sudarshan Kriya Yogic Breathing in the Treatment of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression: Part I—Neurophysiologic Model The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. March 2005, 11(1): 189-201
[52] Richard P. Brown and Patricia L. Gerbarg. Sudarshan Kriya Yogic Breathing in the Treatment of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression: Part I—Neurophysiologic Model The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. March 2005, 11(1): 189-201
[53] Abel AN, Lloyd LK, Williams JS The effects of regular yoga practice on pulmonary function in healthy individuals: a literature review. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2013 Mar;19(3):185-90.
Chapter 6
[54] Benson, H. and Wallace, R. K “Physiology of Meditation”, Scientific American, Vol. 226, (2) Feb. 1972 84-90.
[55] Lieberman MD, Eisenberger NI, Crockett MJ, Tom SM, Pfeifer JH, Way BM Putting feelings into words: affect labeling disrupts amygdala activity in response to affective stimuli Psychological Science. 2007 May;18(5):421-8.
[56] Brans K, Verduyn P. Intensity and Duration of Negative Emotions: Comparing the Role of Appraisals and Regulation Strategies. McCormick C, ed. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(3)
CHAPTER 7
[57] Ellwood P, Asher MI, Garcia-Marcos L, et al. Do fast foods cause asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema? Global findings from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Three. Thorax. Published online January 14 201
[58] Elenkov IJ, Webster EL, Torpy DJ, Chrousos GP. Stress, corticotropin-releasing hormone, glucocorticoids, and the immune/inflammatory response: acute and chronic effects. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1999 Jun 22;876:1-11; discussion 11-3.
[59] Lum LC. Hyperventilation syndromes in medicine and psychiatry: a review. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 1987;80(4):229-231.
[60] Samuelsson B Arachidonic acid metabolism: role in inflammation.Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie. 1991;50 Suppl 1:3-6.
[61] Harizi H, Corcuff JB, Gualde N Arachidonic-acid-derived eicosanoids: roles in biology and immunopathology.Trends Mol Med. 2008 Oct;14(10):461-9.
[62] Adam O, Beringer C, Kless T, Lemmen C, Adam A, Wiseman M, Adam P, Klimmek R, Forth W. Anti-inflammatory effects of a low arachidonic acid diet and fish oil in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology International. 2003 Jan;23(1):27-36.
[63] Elenkov IJ, Webster EL, Torpy DJ, Chrousos GP Stress, corticotropin-releasing hormone, glucocorticoids, and the immune/inflammatory response: acute and chronic effects. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1999 Jun 22;876:1-11; discussion 11-3.
[64] Lovallo WR, Whitsett TL, al’ Absi M, Sung BH, Vincent AS, Wilson MF. Caffeine Stimulation of Cortisol Secretion Across the Waking Hours in Relation to Caffeine Intake Levels. Psychosomatic medicine. 2005;67(5):734-739.
[65] Higgins H. L., Means J. H. (1915) The effect of certain drugs on the respiration and gaseous metabolism in normal human subjects. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 7:1–3
[66] Nardi AE, Lopes FL, Valença AM, Freire RC, Veras AB, de-Melo-Neto VL, Nascimento I, King AL, Mezzasalma MA, Soares-Filho GL, Zin WA. Caffeine challenge test in panic disorder and depression with panic attacks. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 2007 May-Jun;48(3):257-63.
[67] Vilarim MM, Rocha Araujo DM, Nardi AE. Caffeine challenge test and panic disorder: a systematic literature review. Expert Review Neurotherapeutics. 2011 Aug;11(8):1185-95.
[68] Hibino G, Moritani T, Kawada T, Fushiki T Caffeine enhances modulation of parasympathetic nerve activity in humans: quantification using power spectral analysis.J Nutr. 1997 Jul;127(7):1422-7.
[69] Bonnet MH, Arand DL Caffeine use as a model of acute and chronic insomnia. Sleep. 1992 Dec;15(6):526-36.
[70] Lum LC. Hyperventilation syndromes in medicine and psychiatry: a review. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 1987;80(4):229-231.
[71] Allergy UK Report (2007), “Stolen Lives 3, The Food Allergy and Food Intolerance Report”
[72] Żukiewicz-Sobczak WA, Wróblewska P, Adamczuk P, Kopczyński P. Causes, symptoms and prevention of food allergy. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postȩpy Dermatologii I Alergologii. 2013;30(2):113-116.
[73] Carroccio A, Scalici C, Maresi E, Di Prima L, Cavataio F, Noto D, Porcasi R, Averna MR, Iacono G. Chronic constipation and food intolerance: a model of proctitis causing constipation. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2005 Jan;40(1):33-42.
[74] Carroccio A, Scalici C, Maresi E, Di Prima L, Cavataio F, Noto D, Porcasi R, Averna MR, Iacono G. Chronic constipation and food intolerance: a model of proctitis causing constipation. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2005 Jan;40(1):33-42.
[75] Żukiewicz-Sobczak WA, Wróblewska P, Adamczuk P, Kopczyński P. Causes, symptoms and prevention of food allergy. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postȩpy Dermatologii I Alergologii. 2013;30(2):113-116.
[76] Żukiewicz-Sobczak WA, Wróblewska P, Adamczuk P, Kopczyński P. Causes, symptoms and prevention of food allergy. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postȩpy Dermatologii I Alergologii. 2013;30(2):113-116.
[77] Żukiewicz-Sobczak WA, Wróblewska P, Adamczuk P, Kopczyński P. Causes, symptoms and prevention of food allergy. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postȩpy Dermatologii I Alergologii. 2013;30(2):113-116.
[78] Taneja V. Arthritis susceptibility and the Gut Microbiome. FEBS letters. 2014;588(22):4244-4249.
[79] Eerola E, Mottonen T, Hannonen P, Luukkainen R, Kantola I, Vuori K, Tuominen J, Toivanen P. Intestinal flora in early rheumatoid arthritis. British journal of rheumatology. 1994;33:1030–1038.
[80] Santos J, Yang P, Soderholm J, Benjamin M, Perdue M. Role of mast cells in chronic stress induced colonic epithelial barrier dysfunction in the rat. Gut. 2001;48(5):630-636.
[81] Santos J, Yang P, Soderholm J, Benjamin M, Perdue M. Role of mast cells in chronic stress induced colonic epithelial barrier dysfunction in the rat. Gut. 2001;48(5):630-636.
[82] Deitch EA Intestinal permeability is increased in burn patients shortly after injury. Surgery. 1990 Apr;107(4):411-6.
[83] Uhde M, Ajamian M, Caio G, et al. Intestinal cell damage and systemic immune activation in individuals reporting sensitivity to wheat in the absence of coeliac disease. Gut. 2016;65(12):1930-1937.
[84] Wüthrich B, Schmid A, Walther B, Sieber R. Milk consumption does not lead to mucus production or occurrence of asthma.J Am Coll Nutr. 2005 Dec;24(6 Suppl):547S-55S.
[85] Bartley J, McGlashan SR.Med Hypotheses. Does milk increase mucus production?2010 Apr;74(4):732-4. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.10.044. Epub 2009 Nov 25.
[86] Lee H-J, Park YK, Kang M-H. The effect of carrot juice, β-carotene supplementation on lymphocyte DNA damage, erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes and plasma lipid profiles in Korean smoker. Nutrition Research and Practice. 2011;5(6):540-547.
[87] Anogeianaki A, Castellani ML, Tripodi D, Toniato E, De Lutiis MA, Conti F, Felaco P, Fulcheri M, Theoharides TC, Galzio R, Caraffa A, Antinolfi P, Cuccurullo C, Ciampoli C, Felaco M, Cerulli G, Pandolfi F, Sabatino G, Neri G, Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb YBInt Vitamins and mast cells. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology. 2010 Oct-Dec;23(4):991-6.
[88] Brody S, Preut R, Schommer K, Schürmeyer TH. A randomized controlled trial of high dose ascorbic acid for reduction of blood pressure, cortisol, and subjective responses to psychological stress.Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2002 Jan;159(3):319-24.
[89] Brody S, Preut R, Schommer K, Schürmeyer TH. A randomized controlled trial of high dose ascorbic acid for reduction of blood pressure, cortisol, and subjective responses to psychological stress.Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2002 Jan;159(3):319-24.
CHAPTER 8
[90] Clinical and Experimental Immunology 2008 153(1): 3–6. Allergy and the gastrointestinal system Vighi G, Marcucci F, Sensi L, Di Cara G, and Frati F. [91] Schulze, J. and Sonnenborn, U. Yeasts in the Gut: From Commensals to Infectious Agents
Deutsche Arzteblatt International. Published online Dec 2009; 106(51-52): 837–842. Pg 838.
[92] Ruhnke, M. (2002) Skin and mucous membrane infections. In Candida and Candidiasis. Calderone, R.A. (ed.). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology Press, pp. 307–325
[93] Spinillo A, Capuzzo E, Nicola S, Baltaro F, Ferrari A, Monaco A. The impact of oral contraception on vulvovaginal candidiasis. Contraception. 1995 May;51(5):293-7.
[94] Jensen JU, Hein L, Lundgren B, Bestle MH, Mohr T, Andersen MH, Løken J, Tousi H, Søe-Jensen P, Lauritsen AO, Strange D, Petersen JA, Thormar K, Larsen KM, Drenck NE, Helweg-Larsen J, Johansen ME, Reinholdt K, Møller JK, Olesen B, Arendrup MC, Ostergaard C, Cozzi-Lepri A, Grarup J, Lundgren JD Invasive Candida Infections and the Harm From Antibacterial Drugs in Critically Ill Patients: Data From a Randomized, Controlled Trial to Determine the Role of Ciprofloxacin, Piperacillin-Tazobactam, Meropenem, and Cefuroxime. Critical Care Medicine. 2014 Dec 9.
[95] Payne S,Gibson G, Wynne A, Hudspith B, Brostoff J and Tuohy K In Vitro Studies on Colonization Resistance of the Human Gut Microbiota to Candida albicans and the Effects of Tetracycline and Lactobacillus plantarum LPK Curr. Issues Intest. Microbiol. (2003) 4: 1-8.
[96] Knight, L. & Fletcher, J. Growth of Candida albicans in Saliva: Stimulation by Glucose Associated with Antibiotics, Corticosteroids, and Diabetes Mellitus The Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol. 123, (4) 1971pp371-377
[97] Vylkova S, Lorenz MC Modulation of phagosomal pH by Candida albicans promotes hyphal morphogenesis and requires Stp2p, a regulator of amino acid transport. PLoS Pathology. 2014 Mar 13;10(3)
[98] Matsui H, Shimokawa O, Kaneko T, Nagano Y, Rai K, Hyodo I. The pathophysiology of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced mucosal injuries in stomach and small intestine. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition. 2011;48(2):107-111
[99] Bjarnason I, Zanelli G, Prouse P, Williams P, Gumpel MJ, Levi AJ. Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the human small intestine.Drugs. 1986;32 Suppl 1:35-41.
[100] Chang J, Kollman SE. The effect of temperature on the formation of ethanol by Candida albicans in blood. Journal of Forensic Science. 1989 Jan;34(1):105-9.
[101] Marttila E, Bowyer P, Sanglard D, Uittamo J, Kaihovaara P, Salaspuro M, Richardson M, Rautemaa R Fermentative 2-carbon metabolism produces carcinogenic levels of acetaldehyde in Candida albicans. Molecular Oral Microbiology. 2013 Aug;28(4):281-91
[102] Palková Z, Janderová B, Gabriel J, Zikánová B, Pospísek M, Forstová J. Ammonia mediates communication between yeast colonies. Nature. 1997 Dec 4;390(6659):532-6.
[103] Schulze, J. and Sonnenborn, U. Yeasts in the Gut: From Commensals to Infectious Agents. Deutsche Arzteblatt International. Published online Dec 2009; 106(51-52): 837–842. Pg 838.
[104] Gumowski P, Lech B, Chaves I, Girard JP. Chronic asthma and rhinitis due to Candida albicans, epidermophyton, and trichophyton.Annals of Allergy. 1987 Jul;59(1):48-51.
[105] Khosravi AR, Bandghorai AN, Moazzeni M, Shokri H, Mansouri P, Mahmoudi M. Evaluation of Candida albicans allergens reactive with specific IgE in asthma and atopic eczema patients. Mycoses. 2009 Jul;52(4):326-33. 2008
[106] Noverr MC, Falkowski NR, McDonald RA, McKenzie AN, and Huffnagle GB. Development of Allergic Airway Disease in Mice following Antibiotic Therapy and Fungal Microbiota Increase: Role of Host Genetics, Antigen, and Interleukin-13 Infection and Immunity. Jan 2005; 73(1): 30–38
[107] Noverr MC, Noggle RM, Toews GB, Huffnagle GB Role of antibiotics and fungal microbiota in driving pulmonary allergic responses. Infection and Immunology 2004 Sep;72(9):4996-5003.
[108] Noverr op.cit. pg 30
[109] Yamaguchi N, Sugita R, Miki A, Takemura N, Kawabata J, WatanabeJ, Sonoyama K: Gastrointestinal Candida colonisation pro motes sensitisation against food antigens by affecting the mucosal barrier in mice. Gut 2006; 55: 954–60.
[110] Schulze, J. and Sonnenborn, U. Yeasts in the Gut: From Commensals to Infectious Agents Deutsche Arzteblatt International. Published online Dec 2009; 106(51-52): 837–842. Pg 838.
[111] Campbell, Andrew W. “Autoimmunity and the Gut.” Autoimmune Diseases 2014 (2014): 152428. PMC. Web. 3 Oct. 2016.
[112] Fukushima C, Matsuse H, Tomari S, Obase Y, Miyazaki Y, Shimoda T, Kohno S. Oral candidiasis associated with inhaled corticosteroid use: comparison of fluticasone and beclomethasone.Annals of Allergy Asthma Immunology. 2003 Jun;90(6):646-51.
[113] Edwards JE. Systemic symptoms from Candida in the gut: real or imaginary? Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine. 1988;64(6):544-549.
[114] Cheng, Georgina, Kathleen M. Yeater, and Lois L. Hoyer. “Cellular and Molecular Biology of Candida Albicans Estrogen Response.” Eukaryotic Cell5.1 (2006): 180–191. PMC. Web. 2 Oct. 2016.
[115] Rogers TJ, Balish E. Immunity to Candida albicans. Microbiological Reviews. 1980;44(4):660-682
[116] Nepomnaschy PA1, Welch K, McConnell D, Strassmann BI, England BG. Stress and female reproductive function: a study of daily variations in cortisol, gonadotrophins, and gonadal steroids in a rural Mayan population American Journal of Human Biology. 2004 Sep-Oct;16(5):523-32
[117] Candida and antibiotic-associated diarrhoea R. Krause R & Reisinger E C.Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2005 11 (1): 1–2
[118] Buret, Andre G. “How Stress Induces Intestinal Hypersensitivity.” The American Journal of Pathology 168.1 (2006): 3–5.
[119] Okada, H et al. “The ‘hygiene Hypothesis’ for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases: An Update.” Clinical and Experimental Immunology 160.1 (2010): 1–9
[120] Bravo, Javier A. et al. “Ingestion of Lactobacillus Strain Regulates Emotional Behavior and Central GABA Receptor Expression in a Mouse via the Vagus Nerve.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108.38 (2011): 16050–16055.
[121] Kekkonen RA, Lummela N, Karjalainen H, Latvala S, Tynkkynen S, Järvenpää S, Kautiainen H, Julkunen I, Vapaatalo H, & Korpela R Probiotic intervention has strain-specific anti-inflammatory effects in healthy adults. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008 14(13): 2029–2036. Probiotic intervention has strain-specific anti-inflammatory effects in healthy adults
[122] Vaarala O Immunological effects of probiotics with special reference to lactobacilli. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. 2003 (12):1634-40.
[123] Tursi A, Brandimarte G, Papa A, Giglio A, Elisei W, Giorgetti GM, Forti G, Morini S, Hassan C, Pistoia MA, Modeo ME, Rodino’ S, D’Amico T, Sebkova L, Sacca’ N, Di Giulio E, Luzza F, Imeneo M, Larussa T, Di Rosa S, Annese V, Danese S, Gasbarrini A. Treatment of relapsing mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis with the probiotic VSL#3 as adjunctive to a standard pharmaceutical treatment: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 Oct;105(10):2218-27.
[124] Turnlund JR, Weaver CM, Kim SK, Keyes WR, Gizaw Y, Thompson KH, Peiffer GL. Molybdenum absorption and utilization in humans from soy and kale intrinsically labeled with stable isotopes of molybdenum.American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1999 Jun;69(6):1217-23.
[125] Barrett JS, Gearry RB, Muir JG, Irving PM, Rose R, Rosella O, Haines ML, Shepherd SJ, Gibson PR. Dietary poorly absorbed, short-chain carbohydrates increase delivery of water and fermentable substrates to the proximal colon.Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2010 Apr;31(8):874-82.
[126] Magge S, Lembo A. Low-FODMAP Diet for Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2012;8(11):739-745.
CHAPTER 9
[127] Chen BH, Wu PY, Chen KM, Fu TF, Wang HM, Chen CY. Antiallergic potential on RBL-2H3 cells of some phenolic constituents of Zingiber officinale (ginger).Journal of Natural Products. 2009 May 22;72(5):950-3.
[128] Inoue T, Sugimoto Y, Masuda H, Kamei C.. Antiallergic effect of flavonoid glycosides obtained from Mentha piperita L. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2002 Feb;25(2):256-9
[129] Aronson PS, Giebisch G. Effects of pH on Potassium: New Explanations for Old Observations. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN. 2011;22(11):1981-1989.
[130] Journal of Medicinal Food 2011 14(11):1303-12 Bioactive chemicals from carrot (Daucus carota) juice extracts for the treatment of leukemia. Zaini R, Clench MR, Le Maitre CL
CHAPTER 10
[131] Kouchakoff, P., “The influence of cooking food on the blood formula of man” Proceedings: First International Congress of Microbiology, Paris, 1930 Accessed online on 1/4/2016 at http://www.igienenaturale.it/Post-Prandial%20Leucocytosis.pdf
[132] Link LB, Potter JD, Raw versus cooked vegetables and cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention. 2004 Sep;13(9):1422-35.
[133] Link LB, Potter JD, Raw versus cooked vegetables and cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention. 2004 Sep;13(9):1422-35.
[134] Nguyen B, Bauman A, Gale J, Banks E, Kritharides L, Ding D Fruit and vegetable consumption and all-cause mortality: evidence from a large Australian cohort study.
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2016 Jan 25;13(1):9.
[135] Link LB, Potter JD. Raw versus cooked vegetables and cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004 Sep;13(9):1422-35.
[136] Lee C, Longo V Dietary restriction with and without caloric restriction for healthy aging. F1000Research. 2016 Jan 29;5.
[137] Varady KA1, Hellerstein MK. Alternate-day fasting and chronic disease prevention: a review of human and animal trials. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2007 Jul;86(1):7-13.
[138] Fürstenberger G, Senn HJ. Insulin-like growth factors and cancer. Lancet Oncology. 2002 May;3(5):298-302.
[139] Thissen JP1, Ketelslegers JM, Underwood LE Nutritional regulation of the insulin-like growth factors.Endocr Rev. 1994 Feb;15(1):80-101.
[140] Thissen JP, Ketelslegers JM, Underwood LE Nutritional regulation of the insulin-like growth factors.Endocr Rev. 1994 Feb;15(1):80-101.
[141] Rizza W, Veronese N, Fontana L.What are the roles of calorie restriction and diet quality in promoting healthy longevity?Ageing Research Reviews. 2014 Jan;13:38-45.
[142] Hassan ZM, Riad NM, Ahmed FH. Effect of Buteyko breathing technique on patients with bronchial asthma. Egypt J Chest Dis Tuberc 2012;61:235–241
[143] Bowler SD, Green A, Mitchell CA. Buteyko breathing techniques in asthma: a blinded randomised controlled trial.Med J Aust. 1998 Dec 7-21;169(11-12):575-8.
[144] Johnson JB, Summer W, Cutler RG, Martin B, Hyun DH, Dixit VD, Pearson M, Nassar M, Telljohann R, Maudsley S, Carlson O, John S, Laub DR, Mattson MP Alternate day calorie restriction improves clinical findings and reduces markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in overweight adults with moderate asthma. Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 2007 Mar 1;42(5):665-74.
[145] Mattson MP, Allison DB, Fontana L, Harvie M, Longo VD, Malaisse WJ, Mosley M, Notterpek L, Ravussin E, Scheer FA, Seyfried TN, Varady KA,Panda S Meal frequency and timing in health and disease.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U S A. 2014 Nov 25;111(47):16647-53.
[146] Rothschild J, Hoddy KK, Jambazian P, Varady KA. Time-restricted feeding and risk of metabolic disease: a review of human and animal studies.Nutr Rev. 2014 May;72(5):308-18.
[147] Watanabe F, Yabuta Y, Bito T, Teng F. Vitamin B12-Containing Plant Food Sources for Vegetarians. Nutrients. 2014;6(5):1861-1873.
[148] Yamada K, Yamada Y, Fukuda M, Yamada S. Bioavailability of dried asakusanori (porphyra tenera) as a source of Cobalamin (Vitamin B12).International Journal of Vitamin Nutrition Research. 1999 Nov;69(6):412-8.
[149] Watanabe F, Yabuta Y, Bito T, Teng F. Vitamin B12-Containing Plant Food Sources for Vegetarians. Nutrients. 2014;6(5):1861-1873.
[150] Zachariae R, Jørgensen MM, Egekvist H, Bjerring P Skin reactions to histamine of healthy subjects after hypnotically induced emotions of sadness, anger, and happiness. Allergy. 2001 Aug;56(8):734-40.
[151] Kohen DP, Wynne E. Applying hypnosis in a preschool family asthma education program: uses of storytelling, imagery, and relaxation. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis. 1997 Jan;39(3):169-81.
[152] Gonsalkorale WM, Miller V, Afzal A, Whorwell PJ. Long term benefits of hypnotherapy for irritable bowel syndrome Gut 2003;52:1623-1629
CHAPTER 12
[153] Delta Brainwaves By Hugo Gamboa – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=473245
You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Using this work might require attaching a full copy of the GDFL
[154] Theta Brainwaves By Hugo Gamboa – This is raw eeg. The signal was acquired in the Oz position processed with scipy and saved with matplolib., CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=473247
Theta Brainwaves By Hugo Gamboa [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)], via Wikimedia Commons)
[155] Alpha brainwaves By Hugo Gamboa (Own work) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)], via Wikimedia Commons. By Hugo Gamboa – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=473243
[156] Beta waves By Hugo Gamboa (Own work) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)], via Wikimedia Commons
[157] Gamma waves By Hugo Gambo (Own work) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html ) or CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)], via Wikimedia Commons. By Hugo Gamboa – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=473243
[158] Marshall PJ, Bar-Haim Y, Fox NA. Development of the EEG from 5 months to 4 years of age.Clin Neurophysiol. 2002 Aug;113(8):1199-208.
[159] Barry RJ, Clarke AR, McCarthy R, Selikowitz M, Johnstone SJ, Rushby JA. Age and gender effects in EEG coherence: I. Developmental trends in normal children. Clin Neurophysiol. 2004 Oct;115(10):2252-8.
[160] Cahn BR, Polich J. Meditation states and traits: EEG, ERP, and neuroimaging studies. Psychological Bulletin. 2006 Mar;132(2):180-211.
[161] Emory University School of Medicine Introduction to Paediatric EEG by Philip J Holt MD Accessed online on 08.04.16
[162] Szegedy-Maszak, M. Mysteries of the mind Your unconscious is making your everyday decisions US News and World Report Feb 2005 p 53-61 Accessed online on 08.04.16
[163] Szegedy-Maszak, M. Mysteries of the mind Your unconscious is making your everyday decisions US News and World Report Feb 2005 p 53-61 Accessed online on 08.04.16
[164] Soon CS, Brass M, Heinze HJ, Haynes JD. Unconscious determinants of free decisions in the human brain. Nature Neuroscience. 2008 May;11(5):543-5.
[165] Schacter DL, Addis DR. The cognitive neuroscience of constructive memory: remembering the past and imagining the future. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2007;362(1481):773-786.
CHAPTER 13
[166] An explorative study of metabolic responses to mental stress and yoga practices in yoga practitioners, non-yoga practitioners and individuals with metabolic syndrome. Tyagi, A. Cohen, M. Reece, J. & Telles S. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014, 14:445
[167] Farrow, J.T. and Herbert, J.R. (1982) Breath suspension during the transcendental meditation technique Psychosomatic Medicine 44 . 133-53
[168] (Abstract) Goddard AW, Hoffer PB, Hines RL, Loke JO, Zubal IG, Smith EO, Heninger GR, Woods SW. Effects of hyperventilation on distribution of Tc-99m d, 1-HMPAO. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 31, 789, 1990
[169] Giardino ND, Friedman SD, Dager SR. Anxiety, Respiration and Cerebral Blood Flow: Implications for Functional Brain Imaging. Comprehensive psychiatry. 2007;48(2):103-112
170 Poulin MJ, Liang PJ, Robbins PA. Dynamics of the cerebral blood flow response to step changes in end-tidal PCO2 and PO2 in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. ; 1985). 1996 Sep;81(3):1084-95.
CHAPTER 14
[171] Thomas M1, McKinley RK, Freeman E, Foy C, Price D The prevalence of dysfunctional breathing in adults in the community with and without asthma. Primary Care Respiratory Journal. 2005 Apr;14(2):78-82
[172] Open Research Journals 2015 Dixhoorn, Jv, Folgering H The Nijmegen Questionnaire and Dysfunctional Breathing Accessed online 28/6/16 http://openres.ersjournals.com/content/1/1/00001-2015
[173] Respir Med. 2014 Mar;108(3):517-23. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.10.024. Epub 2013 Nov 7. Severely impaired health-related quality of life in chronic hyperventilation patients: exploratory data. Chenivesse C, Similowski T2, Bautin N3, Fournier C4, Robin S5, Wallaert B6, Perez T7.
[174] DeGuire S1, Gevirtz R, Hawkinson D, Dixon K.Biofeedback Self Regul. Breathing retraining: a three-year follow-up study of treatment for hyperventilation syndrome and associated functional cardiac symptoms.1996 Jun;21(2):191-8.
[175] Kang BS. A Case of Hyperventilation Syndrome Mimicking Complex Partial Seizure: Usefulness of EEG Monitoring in Emergency Department. Journal of Epilepsy Research. 2015;5(1):20-22.
[176] Engel J, Pedley TA. A comprehensive textbook. 2nd ed. Baltimor: Williams & Wilkins; 2008. Epilepsy; pp. 2833–4
[177] Joseph CN, Porta C, Casucci G, Casiraghi N, Maffeis M, Rossi M, Bernardi L Slow breathing improves arterial baroreflex sensitivity and decreases blood pressure in essential hypertension.Hypertension. 2005 Oct;46(4):714-8. Epub 2005 Aug 29.
[178] Schein MH1, Gavish B, Herz M, Rosner-Kahana D, Naveh P, Knishkowy B, Zlotnikov E, Ben-Zvi N, Melmed RN. J Hum Hypertens. Treating hypertension with a device that slows and regularises breathing: a randomised, double-blind controlled study.2001 Apr;15(4):271-8.
[179] Gregoski MJ, Barnes VA, Tingen MS, Harshfield GA, Treiber FA.J Adolesc Health. Breathing awareness meditation and Life Skills Training programs influence upon ambulatory blood pressure and sodium excretion among African American adolescents. 2011 Jan;48(1):59-64.. Epub 2010 Sep 24.
[180] Bogaerts K1, Hubin M, Van Diest I, De Peuter S, Van Houdenhove B, Van Wambeke P, Crombez G, Van den Bergh O. Behav Res Ther. Hyperventilation in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: the role of coping strategies.2007 Nov;45(11):2679-90.
[181] British Thoracic Society Guidelines October 2008 Accessed online 21.12.2014 https://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/document-library/clinical-information/asthma/btssign-guideline-on-the-management-of-asthma/
[182] 1Cooper S, Oborne J, Newton S, Harrison v, Thompson Coon J, Lewis S, et al. Effect of two breathing exercises (Buteyko and pranayama) in asthma: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax 2003;58(8):674-9.
[183] McHugh P, Aitcheson F, Duncan B, Houghton F. Buteyko breathing technique for asthma: An effective intervention. N Z Med J 2003;116(1187):U710.
[184] Bowler SD, Green A, Mitchell CA. Buteyko breathing techniques in asthma: a blinded randomised controlled trial. Med J Aust 1998;169(11-12):575-8.
[185] Opat AJ, Cohen MM, Bailey MJ, Abramson MJ. A clinical trial of the Buteyko Breathing Technique in asthma as taught by a video. J Asthma 2000;37(7):557-64.
[186] Accessed online on 10.04.2016 BTS and SIGN Guidelines https://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/document-library/clinical-information/asthma/btssign-asthma-guideline-2014/
[187] Accessed from online request 10.04.2016 http://ginasthma.org/ ‘Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention 2014 (Revision)’ Page 40, 38 of appendix.
[188] Mason H, Vandoni M, deBarbieri G, Codrons E, Ugargol V, Bernardi L. Cardiovascular and Respiratory Effect of Yogic Slow Breathing in the Yoga Beginner: What Is the Best Approach? Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM. 2013;2013:743504.
CHAPTER 15
[189] Lundberg JO Nitric oxide and the paranasal sinuses Anatomical Record (Hoboken, NJ 2007). 2008 Nov;291(11):1479-84.
[190] Rabelink AJ[Nobel prize in Medicine and Physiology 1998 for the discovery of the role of nitric oxide as a signalling molecule].[Article in Dutch] Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde. 1998 Dec 26;142(52):2828-30.
[191] Nattie E CO2, brainstem chemoreceptors and breathing. Progress in Neurobiology. 1999 Nov;59(4):299-331.
[192] Nattie E CO2, brainstem chemoreceptors and breathing.Progress in Neurobiology. 1999 Nov;59(4):299-331.
[193] Kashiba M, Kajimura M, Goda N, Suematsu M From O2 to H2S: a landscape view of gas biology.Keio Journal of Medicine.2002 Mar;51(1):1-10.
[194] Bernardi L, Spadacini G, Bellwon J, Hajric R, Roskamm H, Frey AW Effect of breathing rate on oxygen saturation and exercise performance in chronic heart failure. Lancet 1998 May 2;351(9112):1308-11.
[195] Mahtani KR, Nunan D, Heneghan CJ. Device-guided breathing exercises in the control of human blood pressure: systematic review and meta-analysis. Hypertension. 2012 May;30(5):852-60.